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Climate change is significantly impacting the geographic range of many animal species and their associated microorganisms, hence influencing emergence of vector-borne diseases. Mosquito-borne viruses represent a potential major reservoir of human pathogens, highlighting the need for improved understanding of ecological factors associated with variation in the mosquito viral community (virome). Here, a subtractive hybridization method coupled with RNAseq of individual mosquito specimens was used to profile RNA viromes of individual co-occurringAedes albopictusandAedes vexansmosquitoes across a 2,000 km spatial scale. Samples were collected and archived by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) from four ecologically variable sites in the Southeastern United States between 2018 and 2019. Results of multivariate analysis suggest that mosquito species are an important factor in RNA viral community composition. Significantly higher viral diversity was detected inA. albopictuscompared toA.vexans. However, season, year, and site of sample collection did not show strong association with virome profiles, supporting the hypothesis that factors unique to the mosquito host species (e.g., larval habitat or vector competence) influence the structure of mosquito viromes. 

Abstract The National Ecological Observatory Network Terrestrial Observation System (NEON TOS) produces open‐access data products that allow data users to investigate the impact of change drivers on key “sentinel” taxa and soils. The spatial and temporal sampling strategy that coordinates implementation of these protocols enables integration across TOS products and with products generated by NEON aquatic, remote sensing, and terrestrial instrument subsystems. Here, we illustrate the plots and sampling units that make up the physical foundation of a NEON TOS site, and we describe the scales (subplot, plot, airshed, and site) at which sampling is spatially colocated across protocols and subsystems. We also describe how moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer‐enhanced vegetation index (MODIS‐EVI) phenology data are used to temporally coordinate TOS sampling within and across years at the continental scale of the observatory. Individually, TOS protocols produce data products that provide insight into populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. Within the spatial and temporal framework that guides cross‐protocol implementation, the ability to draw inference across data products is enhanced. To illustrate this point, we develop an example using R software that links two TOS data products collected with different temporal frequencies at both plot and site spatial scales. A thorough understanding of how TOS protocols are integrated with each other in space and time, and with other NEON subsystems, is necessary to leverage NEON data products to maximum effect. For example, a researcher must understand the spatial and temporal scales at which soil biogeochemistry data, soil microbe biomass data, and plant litter production and chemistry data may be combined to quantify soil nutrient stocks and fluxes across NEON sites. We present clear links among TOS protocols and across NEON subsystems that will enhance the utility of NEON TOS data products for the data user community. 

Abstract Omic BON is a thematic Biodiversity Observation Network under the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), focused on coordinating the observation of biomolecules in organisms and the environment. Our founding partners include representatives from national, regional, and global observing systems; standards organizations; and data and sample management infrastructures. By coordinating observing strategies, methods, and data flows, Omic BON will facilitate the co-creation of a global omics meta-observatory to generate actionable knowledge. Here, we present key elements of Omic BON's founding charter and first activities.